The message that society's top performers表演 are not the most skilled and shouldn't be emulated模擬, appears to be似乎是 counter-intuitive反直覺. Yet this report says that those who appear to have achieved實現 the most in their particular特定 field領域 of expertise專業知識, are often the beneficiaries受益者 of luck, an external, random force力量.
The authors of this study point to the example of Bill Gates, the co-founder聯合創辦人 of the computing giant Microsoft, and one of the world's richest men. They say that although he is undoubtedly無疑地 talented, he achieved his initial初步的 success because his affluent富裕的 family were able to send him to a school where programming was on the curriculum課程 - at a time when most Americans didn't have access to computers. Family connections also helped, according to Professor Chengwei Liu from Warwick University Business School.
That kind of luck is often at work in the lives of the most successful, argues認為 Mr Liu, which means their achievements成就 aren't completely attributable歸屬 to their own skill. Instead, he advocates倡導者 looking at those whom he calls 'the second best'. They aren't relying依託 on lucky chances, so their performances offer an opportunity to measure real success. The study also argues that there are dangers if colleagues同事 try to emulate the achievements of those who've been overly fortunate幸運的.
This could explain the global Banking crisis says Professor Liu, who also believes that studying the lives of people such as Bill Gates for tips on reaching the top is fruitless瞎. Of course, some academics argue that individuals can in fact create their own lucky circumstances情況 through using personal contacts and pursuing追求 all available opportunities. This research though says that because those with the highest salaries haven't completely earned them through skill, they should be taxed more heavily - which would be very bad luck.
The authors of this study point to the example of Bill Gates, the co-founder聯合創辦人 of the computing giant Microsoft, and one of the world's richest men. They say that although he is undoubtedly無疑地 talented, he achieved his initial初步的 success because his affluent富裕的 family were able to send him to a school where programming was on the curriculum課程 - at a time when most Americans didn't have access to computers. Family connections also helped, according to Professor Chengwei Liu from Warwick University Business School.
That kind of luck is often at work in the lives of the most successful, argues認為 Mr Liu, which means their achievements成就 aren't completely attributable歸屬 to their own skill. Instead, he advocates倡導者 looking at those whom he calls 'the second best'. They aren't relying依託 on lucky chances, so their performances offer an opportunity to measure real success. The study also argues that there are dangers if colleagues同事 try to emulate the achievements of those who've been overly fortunate幸運的.
This could explain the global Banking crisis says Professor Liu, who also believes that studying the lives of people such as Bill Gates for tips on reaching the top is fruitless瞎. Of course, some academics argue that individuals can in fact create their own lucky circumstances情況 through using personal contacts and pursuing追求 all available opportunities. This research though says that because those with the highest salaries haven't completely earned them through skill, they should be taxed more heavily - which would be very bad luck.
this text comes from bbc learning english
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2012/06/120622_witn_success.shtml
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